Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels form from existing ones. It’s essential for tissue growth, wound healing, and regeneration, ensuring that cells receive oxygen and nutrients for optimal function.
In biohacking and peptide science, angiogenesis plays a major role in accelerating recovery and enhancing performance. Peptides like BPC-157 are known to stimulate angiogenesis, helping repair muscles, tendons, and other tissues faster.
Why it matters:
- Improves blood flow to damaged areas
- Speeds up recovery after physical stress or injury
- Supports cellular repair and longevity
VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)
VEGF is a signaling protein that stimulates the growth of new blood vessels — a process known as angiogenesis. It ensures that tissues receive enough oxygen and nutrients, especially during healing, muscle growth, or physical stress.
In biohacking and peptide science, VEGF is a key marker of regeneration and recovery. Peptides like BPC-157 and TB-500 can naturally enhance VEGF expression, improving blood flow, accelerating healing, and supporting performance optimization.
Why it matters:
- Promotes blood vessel formation and oxygen delivery
- Supports tissue repair and regeneration
- Crucial for muscle recovery and cardiovascular he
NO (Nitric Oxide)
→ Definition (for your biohacker lexicon)
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a gas molecule naturally produced by the body that acts as a powerful signaling compound for blood flow, oxygen delivery, and cellular communication. It relaxes and widens blood vessels — a process known as vasodilation — allowing more oxygen and nutrients to reach muscles and organs.
In biohacking, boosting NO levels is linked to better endurance, faster recovery, and enhanced cognitive performance. Peptides, exercise, and compounds like L-citrulline or NAD+ boosters can elevate NO production naturally.
Why it matters:
- Improves circulation and oxygen delivery
- Enhances athletic performance and brain function
- Supports cardiovascular and mitochondrial health
TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha)
TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine — a signaling protein released by immune cells to regulate inflammation and immune responses. While it plays a vital role in fighting infections and repairing tissue damage, excess TNF-α can lead to chronic inflammation, fatigue, and slower recovery.
In biohacking and peptide research, TNF-α is often monitored because balancing it helps improve recovery, gut health, and overall performance. Peptides like BPC-157 have been shown in studies to modulate TNF-α activity, reducing harmful inflammation while preserving healing processes.
Why it matters:
- Regulates immune and inflammatory responses
- High TNF-α = chronic inflammation, pain, slower healing
- Target for recovery, longevity, and anti-aging protocols
Modulating Dopaminergic Activity
Modulating dopaminergic activity means influencing how dopamine — the “motivation and reward” neurotransmitter — is produced, released, or received in the brain. Dopamine regulates focus, mood, energy, and drive — all critical factors in performance and longevity.
In biohacking and neuro-optimization, modulating dopaminergic pathways helps balance motivation and reward sensitivity without causing overstimulation or burnout. Certain peptides, adaptogens, and nootropics (like Selegiline, L-Tyrosine, or BPC-157) can subtly enhance or stabilize dopamine signaling for improved mental clarity and resilience.
Why it matters:
- Optimizes motivation, attention, and productivity
- Prevents dopamine depletion from stress or overtraining
- Supports mood, focus, and long-term brain health
Serotonergic Receptor
Serotonergic receptors are cellular receptors that respond to serotonin, the neurotransmitter responsible for regulating mood, sleep, appetite, and overall emotional balance. These receptors are found throughout the brain, gut, and central nervous system, forming part of the body’s serotonin signaling network.
In biohacking and neuroregeneration research, modulating serotonergic receptors can influence mood stability, stress resilience, and recovery. Some peptides and nootropics (like BPC-157 or 5-HTP) are studied for their potential to balance serotonin signaling, enhancing both mental health and physical recovery.
Why it matters:
- Regulates mood, sleep, and emotional well-being
- Influences pain perception and recovery
- Supports gut–brain axis and hormonal balance
FAK–Paxillin Pathway
The FAK–Paxillin pathway refers to a cellular signaling system that controls how cells attach, move, and repair within tissues.
- FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) is an enzyme that activates when cells experience mechanical stress or damage.
- Paxillin is a structural protein that links the cell’s internal skeleton to its external environment.
Together, they form a communication hub for tissue repair, guiding how cells migrate, rebuild, and strengthen after injury.
In biohacking and peptide science, activating the FAK–Paxillin pathway is seen as a core mechanism behind accelerated healing — particularly in muscle, tendon, and vascular regeneration. Peptides like BPC-157 are believed to stimulate this pathway, promoting faster structural recovery.
Why it matters:
- Triggers cellular repair and tissue remodeling
- Enhances healing after physical or oxidative stress
- Supports muscle and tendon regeneration